Model: | MOS 9039-53-6 |
Place of Origin: | Shandong,China (Mainland) |
Brand: | MOSINTER |
Storage condiion: | 2-8°C |
Form: | powder |
Color: | white |
Model: | MOS 9039-53-6 |
Place of Origin: | Shandong,China (Mainland) |
Brand: | MOSINTER |
Storage condiion: | 2-8°C |
Form: | powder |
Color: | white |
Urokinase ( CAS: 9039-53-6)
Item | Index |
Molecular Formula | C21H25BrN2O3 |
Specification | CP/USP/EP |
Appearance | White powder |
Storage Condition | 2-8°C |
Urokinase (trade name Abbokinase), also called urokinase-type
plasminogen activator (uPA), is a serine protease (EC3.4.21.73).
It was discovered in 1947 by McFarlane. Urokinase was originally
isolated from human urine, but is present in several physiological
locations, such as blood stream and the extracellular matrix. The primary
physiological substrate is plasminogen, which is an inactive form
(zymogen) of the serine protease plasmin. Activation of plasmin triggers
a proteolysis cascade that, depending on the physiological environment,
participates in thrombolysis orextracellular matrix degradation. This links
urokinase to vascular diseases and cancer.
Molecular characteristics
Urokinase is a 411-residue protein, consisting of three domains: the serine
protease domain, the kringle domain, and thegrowth factor domain.
Urokinase is synthesized as a zymogen form (prourokinase or
single-chain urokinase), and is activated by proteolytic cleavage between
Lys158 and Ile159. The two resulting chains are kept together by a disulfidebond.
Urokinase and cancer
Elevated expression levels of urokinase and several other components of the
plasminogen activation system are found to be correlated with tumor
malignancy. It is believed that the tissue degradation following plasminogen
activation facilitates tissue invasion and, thus, contributes to metastasis. This
makes urokinase an attractive drug target, and, so, inhibitors have been sought
to be used as anticancer agents. However, incompatibilities between the human
and murinesystems hamper clinical evaluation of these agents. Through its
interaction with the urokinase receptor, urokinase affects several other aspects of
cancer biology such as cells adhesion, migration, and cellular mitotic pathways.
As of December 7, 2012 Mesupron®, a small molecule serine protease inhibitor
developed by the WILEX pharmaceutical company, has completed phase II trials.
Mesupron appears to be safe when combined with chemotherapeutic drug Capecitabine
for the progression-free survival in human breast cancer.
Clinical applications
Urokinase is used clinically as a thrombolytic agent in the treatment of severe or massive
deep venous thrombosis, pulmonary embolism, myocardial infarction, and occluded intravenous
or dialysis cannulas. It is also administered intrapleurally to improve the drainage of complicated
pleural effusions and empyemas. Urokinase is presently marketed as KinlyticTM, and competes
with AlteplaseTM as a thrombolytic drug in infarction. It is the most effective drug in myocardial
infarction. In contrast to TPA tissue plasminogen activator, it immediately removes the clot. Its
injection is very costly.
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